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O WV 


Reprinted  from  the  Proceedings  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences 
of  Philadelphia,  Feb.  21,  1895. 

10  ~ ?>l, 


NOTES  ON  SOME  SPECIMENS  OF  PYRENOMYCETES  IN  THE  SCHWEINITZ 
HERBARIUM  OF  THE  ACADEMY. 

BY  J.  B.  ELLIS. 


Some  time  during  the  past  year  (1894)  there  was  found  in  the 
Herbarium  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences  of  Philadelphia,  a 
package  that  had  lain  unnoticed  for  many  years.  The  package 
was  found  to  contain  many  of  the  missing  specimens  mentioned  in 
the  preface  to  The  North  Am.  Pyrenomycetes.  These  specimens  are 
evidently  authentic  and  reliable,  the  writing  on  the  papers  in  which 
they  are  wrapped  being  in  Schweinitz’s  own  hand,  with  the 
abbreviation  L.  v.  S.1  after  the  names  of  the  species  described  by  him. 
In  only  a few  cases  are  the  habitats  given,  but  almost  all  are 
marked  as  collected  either  at  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  or  Salem,  N.  C. 
They  are  all  very  small — many  of  them  old  and  without  fruit. 

From  a careful  examination  of  the  specimens  the  following  notes 
were  made  to  enable  one  to  recognize  some  of  the  Schweinitzian 
species  that  have  hitherto  been  only  imperfectly  understood.  Dr. 
Karl  Starback  in  his  “ Studier  i Elias  Fries  Svamparherbarium:” 
Bihang  till  K.  Svenska  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.,  Band  19,  Afd.  Ill,  No. 
2,  1894,  has  also  examined  some  of  the  specimens  noted  and  his 
observations  agree  with  those  here  recorded: — 

Chaetomium  olivaceum  C.  & E.,  Grev.,  VI,  p.  96. 

Sphceria  Douglasii  Schw.,  in  Herb.  Schw. 

On  dead  herbaceous  stems.  Shores  of  Lake  Huron  (Prof.  Doug- 
las). Comm.  Dr.  Torrey. 


Venturia  cincinnata  Fr.,  Summ.  Yeg.  Scand.,  p.  405. 

Sphceria  cincinnata  Fr.,  S.  M.,  II,  p.  451. 

Perithecia  clustered,  ovate- globose,  150/*  diam.,  clothed  with 
black,  spreading  spines  25-40  x 4-5/*.  Asci  subsessile,  clavate-cylin- 
drical,  40-50  x 8-10/*,  paraphysate.  The  specc.  were  not  fully  ma- 
ture and  the  sporidia  could  not  be  accurately  made  out. 

On  the  lower  surface  of  leaves  of  Vaccinium.  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
(Schw.). 


1 L.  v.  S.  is  the  abbreviation  used  by  Schweinitz 
hweinitz. 


to  indicate  his  name: 


Lasiosphseria  setosa  (Schw.), 

Sphceria  setosa  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,533. 

Perithecia  gregarious,  superficial,  ovate- conical,  about  f mm.  high 
and  2 mm.  broad,  clothed  except  the  black,  entire  or  subsulcate,  ob- 
tuse ostiolum,  with  tuberculiform  tufts  of  matted  hairs  among  which 
arise  other,  darker,  longer  hairs.  Asci  elongated,  narrowed  above, 
short-stipitate,  paraphysate,  8-spored,  100-120  x 12-15 //.  Sporidia 
biseriate,  cylindrical,  hyaline,  nucleate,  curved  near  the  lower  end, 
45-55  x 4-5//;  about  the  same  as  in  L.  hirsuta. 

On  rotten  wood,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schw.). 

Lasiosphaeria  emergens  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  emergens  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,534. 

Mycelium  of  brown,  branching  threads  septate  and  undulate,  bear- 
ing terminally  (and  laterally)?  yellowish-brown,  globose  conidia  12- 
15//  diam.  with  coarsely  granular  contents.  Sporidia  nearly  straight, 
cylindrical,  hyaline,  28-32  x 4//,  apparently  becoming  3-septate. 

Differs  from  L . Rhacodium  in  its  ovate- conical  perithecia. 


Chaetosphaeria  squamulata  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  squamata  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,538. 

Melanomma  squamulata  E.  & E.,  N.  A.  Pyr.,  p.  184. 

Sphceria  squamata  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Chceto sphceria  squamulata  Starback,  Studier  i Elias  Fr.  Svamp.  Herb.,  p.  31. 

When  the  N.  A.  P.  was  published  we  had  not  seen  an  authentic 
spec,  of  this  species,  which  is  accurately  described  by  Starback,  l.c., 
the  description  there  given  applying  perfectly  to  the  spec,  in  Herb. 
Schw.  This  spec.,  however,  is  labeled  Sphceria  “ squamata ” L.  v.  S., 
instead  of  squamulata  as  given  in  Syn.  N.  Am.  with  the  added  note 
“olim  S.  fuscospora.” 


Herpotrichia  diffusa  (Schw.)  var.  rhodomphala  B.  & C. 


Sphceria  diffusa  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,502. 

Sphceria  rhodomphala  Berk.  Hook.,  Lond.  Journ.  Bot. , IV,  p.  212.  Sph.  tris- 
tis  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Amphisphceria  subiculosa  E.  & E.,  Journ.  Mycol. , II,  p.  103. 

Neopeckia  diffusa  Starback,  Stud,  i Elias  Fries  Svamp.  Herb.,  Yet.  Akad 
Handl.,  1894. 

Didymotrichia  diffusa  Berlese,  in  the  Proc.  of  the  International  Bot.  Con- 
gress, 1892. 


The  specc.  distributed  in  Ell.  & Evrht’s  N.  A.  F.,  2,130,  differ 
from  the  Schweinitzian  spec,  in  having  the  perithecia  smaller  (about 
f mm.),  and  less  crowded,  and  in  their  rather  smaller,  less  distinctly 
constricted  sporidia.  These  differences,  however,  seem  hardly  to  be 
of  specific  value,  all  the  other  characters  being  the  same- 


better  to  put  the  N.  A.  F.  specc.  as  a mere  var.  of  that  in  Herb. 
Schw.,  viz.,  var.  rhodomphala  Berk.  Sphceria  rhodomphala  Berk.,  1.  c. 
Rosellinia  araneosa  (Pers. ). 

Sphceria  araneosa  Pers.,  Icon,  et  deser.,  1,  p.  24,  tab.  VII,  fig.  6,  a-h. 
Rosellinia  araneosa  Sacc.,  Syll.,  I,  p.  259. 

Perithecia  crowded  in  elongated  groups  $-1  cm.  long,  3-4  mm. 
wide,  globose,  papillate,  f mm.  diam.  Sporidia  (free  spores)  in- 
equilateral ly  elliptical,  brown,  continuous,  7—9  x 5—6//. 

Has  the  external  aspect  of  Rosellinia  medidlaris  ( Wallr. ),  from 
which  it  differs  in  its  rather  smaller  perithecia  and  very  different 
sporidia. 

Rosellinia  thelena  Fr.,  var.  terrestris. 

Sphceria  terrestris  Schw.  in  Herb. 

Perithecia  depressed- globose,  grayish-brown,  smooth,  with  a dis- 
tinct papilliform  ostiolum,  gregarious,  or  crowded,  about  f mm. 
diam.,  connected  at  base  by  a thin,  brown  subiculum  of  matted 
hairs.  Asci  (p.  sp.)  130x6//,  paraphysate,  8-spored.  Sporidia 
overlapping-uniseriate,  oblong  - fusoid,  deep  brown,  continuous, 
straight,  22-25  x 5-7//,  with  a straight,  hyaline,  mucronate  append- 
age at  each  end. 

On  the  ground,  New  York  State  (Schw.). 

Melanomma  exile  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  exile , Schw.  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Perithecia  scattered,  erumpent-superficial,  black,  minute,  120— 
150//  diam.,  finally  slightly  collapsed.  Ostiolum  conic- papilliform. 
The  asci  could  not  be  made  out  but  sporidia  (free  spores)  were 
abundant,  oblong-elliptical,  13-16  x 5-6//,  3-septate  and  brown, 
occasionally  with  one  or  two  cells  divided  by  a longitudinal  septum. 
The  subiculum  (arachnoid,  whitish)  is  hardly  perceptible.  The 
perithecia,  if  pilose  at  all,  are  very  indistinctly  so. 

Rosellinia  medullaris  (Wallr.). 

Sphceria  medullaris  Wallr.,  FI.  Crypt.  Germ.,  II,  p.  792. 

The  spec,  in  Herb.  Schw.  labeled  Sphceria  mammiformis  is  this 
species.  The  perithecia  are  too  small  for  R.  mammiformis,  and  dis- 
tinctly ovate.  The  purplish  pruinose  pubescence  is  also  distinctly 
to  be  seen.  Sporidia  oblong  or  oblong-elliptical,  often  subinequi- 
lateral,  18-22  x 8-10//. 

Rosellinia  rhodomela  (Schw.),  not  Fr. 

Perithecia  gregarious,  superficial,  minute  (200//),  ovate  or  sub- 


p .3964-3 


4 


globose,  with  a papilliform  ostiolum  soon  perforated,  seated  on  a red 
subiculum  and  clothed  with  a thin,  dirty  rose-colored,  pulveraceo- 
tomentose  coat.  The  mycelium  is  very  thin  and  scanty  and  the 
wood  is  stained  red  in  the  part  occupied  by  the  perithecia.  The 
substance  of  the  perithecia  themselves  also  has  a reddish  tint.  Asci 
cylindrical,  p.  sp.  68-75  x 8/Jt,  short- stipitate,  8-spored,  paraphy- 
sate.  Sporidia  uniseriate,  elliptical  or  subglobose,  opake,  8-12  x 
5-7  //.. 

Rosellinia  imposita  Schw. 

Sphceria  imposita  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,503. 

This  differs  from  R.  aquila  only  in  the  scanty  subiculum. 

Sporidia  oblong,  continuous,  brown,  18-24  x 6-8//.. 

Ceratostomella  investita  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  investita  Schw.,  in  Herb.  Fries. 

Sphceria  investita  in  Schw.  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,621? 

Sphceria  vestita  Schw.,  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Ceratostomella  investita  Starback,  1.  c. 

Perithecia  gregarious,  immersed,  or  partly  superficial,  400//.  diam. , 
beset  around  the  lower  part  with  slender,  black,  septate  hairs  80-120 
x 3, a,  and  pubescent  with  shorter,  finer  hairs  above.  Ostiola  cylin- 
drical, 1 mm.  or  more  long,  erumpent  through  a felt-like  brownish- 
yellow  tomentum  overspreading  the  surface  of  the  wood. 

Asci  cylindrical,  60-65  x 6-7//.,  with  a short  stipe,  p.  sp.  50-60//. 
long.  Paraphyses  none.  Sporidia  uniseriate,  or  subbiseriate  above, 
oblong-elliptical,  6-8  x 3^//.,  hyaline,  2- nucleate. 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  this  is  the  same  as  the  spec,  examined 
by  Starback,  in  Herb.  Fries,  but  it  does  not  agree  entirely  with  the 
diagnosis  given  by  Schweinitz,  as  the  ostiola  are  not  “sulcate-tuber- 
culose,”  nor  are  they  ‘ ‘ thickened  above.  ’ ’ The  spec,  from  Herb. 
Schw.  was  labeled  “ Sphceria  vestita”  L.  v.  S.,  and  was  on  rotten 
wood,  Bethlehem  Pa.,  “ vestita ” being  apparently  a lapsus  calami 
for  investita. 

Amphisphaeria  papilla  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  papilla  Schw.,  Syn.  Car.,  159. 

Melanopsamma  papilla  (Schw.),  N.  A.  Pyr.,  p.  178. 

Perithecia  conic- hemispherical,  with  the  base  slightly  sunk  in  the 
wood,  f-1  mm.  diam.  with  a distinct  conic- papilliform  ostiolum.  Asci 
cylindrical,  short- stipitate,  paraphysate,  p.  sp.  100-120  x 12-15//.. 
Sporidia  overlapping- uniseriate,  fusoid- oblong,  subinequilateral, 
brown,  uniseptate,  slightly  constricted,  25-32  x 8-12 //. 

On  rotten  wood,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 


This  has  the  outward  appearance  of  the  specc.  on  white  oak  bark, 
mentioned  in  N.  A.  Pyr. , p.  178,  but  the  asci  and  sporidia  are 
smaller,  and  the  latter  are  brown.  Notwithstanding  these  discrep- 
ancies, the  Newfield  specc.  are  no  doubt  referable  to  Sphceria  papilla 
Schw. 

Trematosphseria  mastoidea  (Fr.). 

Starback,  1.  c.,  gives  as  syn.  of  this  species:  Sphceria  albicans 
Schw.,  Syn.  Car.,  176,  and  Sphceria  obtecta , Schw.,  Syn.  Car.,  206. 

The  spec,  in  Herb.  Schw.  is  entirely  without  fruit. 

Sphceria  denudans  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,625,  is  apparently  a 
Trematosphceria , but  the  spec,  in  Herb.  Schw.  is  old,  and  the  peri- 
thecia  mostly  broken  down.  A few  free  spores  were  seen,  oblong, 
dark  brown,  3- septate,  20-22  x 7-8/*. 

Trematosphseria  applanata  (Fr.). 

Sphceria  applanata  Fr.,  S.  M.,  II,  p.  463  (in  part  at  least). 

Sphceria  applanata  Oudem. , Anwinst.  Myc.  Neder.,  1875-1876,  p.  11. 

Sphceria  Aspergrenii  Fr.,  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Trematosphceria  applanata  Sacc.,  Syll.,  II,  p.  120. 

From  the  spec,  in  Herb.  Schw.  the  following  diagnosis  has  been 
made : — 

Perithecia  scattered,  erumpent-superficial,  depressed-hemispherical, 
170-200/7.  diam.,  becoming  more  or  less  collapsed  above,  with  a 
papilliform  ostiolum.  Asci  oblong-cylindrical,  short- stipitate,  p. 
sp.  75-80  x 18-22/7.,  paraphysate,  8-spored.  Sporidia  obliquely 
uniseriate,  or  biseriate,  clavate- oblong,  4-5-  (mostly  4-)  septate, 
and  finally  constricted  at  the  septa,  24-30  x 7-9/7.,  surrounded  with 
a hyaline  envelope. 

This  is  certainly  different  from  Trematosphceria  applanata  (Fr.), 
Fckl.  Symbolse  Myc.,  p.  162,  N.  Am.  Pyr.,  p.  206,  which  is  an 
Amphisphceria,  having  uniseptate  sporidia  broader  below,  while  this 
has  4-5-septate  sporidia  narrower  below.  Apparently  it  is  the  same 
as  that  described  by  Oudemans,  1.  c.,  though  he  says  nothing  of  the 
hyaline  envelope,  which  is  very  distinct  in  the  Schweinitzian  spec. 

Trematosphseria  astroidea  (Fr.)? 

Sphceria  astroidea  Fr.  ? (in  Herb.  Schw. ). 

Perithecia  gregarious,  superficial  ovate-globose,  black,  with  a few, 
short,  spreading,  bristle- like  hairs  around  the  base.  Ostiolum 
minute,  acutely  conical.  Asci  not  seen.  Sporidia  oblong-fusoid, 
3-4- septate,  pale  brown,  12-15  x 3-3  \p.. 

On  rotten  wood,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schweinitz). 


6 


Trematosphaeria  confertula  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  confertula  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,508. 

Perithecia  densely  crowded,  seated  on  a felt-like  brown  snbiculum 
and  clothed  below  with  straight,  septate,  bristle-like  brown  hairs, 
globose,  about  i mm.  diam.,  finally  collapsing  to  cup-shaped.  Asci 
clavate-cylindrical,  stipitate,  paraphysate,  8-spored,  p.  sp.  60-67  x 
1 2,a.  Sporidia  biseriate,  oblong,  slightly  curved,  hyaline  and  uni- 
septate  at  first,  becoming  brown  and  3-septate  but  not  constricted, 
18-22  x 6-7// 

Whether  this  is  the  same  as  Amphisperia  conferta  Schw.,  in  N.  A. 
P.,  p.  206,  is  doubtful.  The  spec,  referred  to  in  Syn.  Car.  was  on 
bark  of  Sassafras,  and  is  described  as  having  the  perithecia  depressed 
at  the  apex,  while  in  the  Bethlehem  spec,  here  described,  they  are 
deeply  collapsed.  Dr.  Cooke  who  examined  a spec,  from  Carolina, 
in  Herb.  Berk.,  found  the  sporidia  uniseptate,  12  x 4//..  Probably 
the  Carolina  spec,  is  a different  thing  from  the  Bethlehem  spec., 
though  Schweinitz  in  Syn.  N.  Am.  considers  them  the  same. 

On  rotten  wood,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schw.). 

Trematosphaeria  Schweinitzii  E.  & E. 

Perithecia  gregarious,  semiemergent  or  erumpent-superficial,  1-1 
mm.  diam. , ovate-conical,  gradually  attenuated  above  into  the  conical 
or  short-cylindrical  ostiolum,  or  when  erumpent,  depressed- globose 
with  tuberculo-papilliform  ostiolum,  roughish  and  brownish-black. 
Asci  cylindrical,  stipitate,  paraphysate,  p.  sp.  about  90  x 8-10//. 
Sporidia  overlapping-uniseriate,  fusoid,  brown,  3-septate  and  con- 
stricted at  the  middle  septum,  the  end  cells  attenuated  to  an  obtuse 
point  and  a little  paler,  19-22  x 5—6//. 

On  dead  canes  of  Rubus,  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  Schw.  (in  Herb.),  un- 
der the  name  of  Sphceria  rostellata  Fr. 

Teichospora  tehacella  (Fr.). 

Sphceria  tenacella  Fr.,  S.  M.,  II,  p.  492. 

Perithecia  subseriate,  semierumpent  through  longitudinal  cracks 
in  the  epidermis,  subglobose,  smooth,  about  1 mm.  diam.,  finally 
collapsing  above.  Asci  not  seen.  Sporidia  oblong  or  oblong-ellip- 
tical, brown,  the  end  cells  paler,  3-5  (mostly  3-)  septate,  with  a 
more  or  less  continuous  longitudinal  septum,  20-26x10-11//.  In 
the  oblong  sporidia  there  are  mostly  only  the  three  transverse  septa 
with  constrictions  at  each  septum,  but  in  the  oblong- elliptical  sporidia, 


^ / 


7 

which  make  up  the  greater  number,  there  is  a single  longitudinal 
septum  and  no  constrictions. 

On  small,  dead  limbs,  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  Schw. 

Amphisphaeria  mobilis  (Schw.) 

Sphceria  mobilis,  in  Herb.  Schw,  Sphceria  mobilis  Tode  Meckl.  II,  tab.  9,  fig.  71? 

Perithecia  superficial,  ovate- globose,  black,  350-400//  diam., 
glabrous,  with  an  acutely  papilliform  ostiolum.  Asci  clavate- 
cylindrical,  short- sti pi tate,  paraphysate,  75-80x12-15//,  8-spored. 
Sporidia  crowded-biseriate,  oblong-fusoid,  slightly  curved,  obtuse, 
brown,  uniseptate,  scarcely  constricted,  each  cell  with  a large  nucleus, 
18-22  x 6-7//. 

The  base  of  the  perithecia  is  only  slightly  sunk  in  the  surface  of 
the  wood,  but  there  is  nothing  to  indicate  that  they  ever  become 
movable. 

On  rotten  wood,  Salem,  N.  C.  (Schw.). 

Lophiostoma  tingens  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  tingens  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,591. 

Perithecia  entirely  buried  in  the  wood,  ovate-globose,  about  f mm. 
diam.,  subcompressed,  neck  flattened  with  the  obtusely  conical,  sub- 
tubercular,  stout;  ostiolum  erumpent  and  only  slightly  compressed. 
Asci  clavate- cylindrical,  short- sti  pi  tate,  110-120  x 15-18//,  8-spored, 
with  abundant,  filiform  paraphyses.  Sporidia  biseriate  or  oblique, 
broad-fusoid,  hyaline,  becoming  brownish,  4-6-  (mostly  5-)  septate, 
22-30  x 6-7//. 

On  decorticated,  weather-beaten  wood  of  Sassafras,  Bethlehem, 
Pa. 

This,  of  course,  is  very  different  from  Lophidium  tingens  (Ell.), 
in  N.  A.  P.,  p.  235. 

Lophiostoma  Spirseae  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  Spircece  and  Sphceria  crenata  Schw.  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Sphceria  crenata  Pers.,  var.  Spircece  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,599. 

Lophiostoma  Spircece  Pk.  28th  Kep.,  p.  76. 

The  diagnosis  of  Lophiostoma  Spiraea,  as  given  in  N.  Am.  Pyr. , 
p.  232,  fits  the  Schweinitzian  specimen  exactly. 

Sec.  Schw. ; very  common  on  dead  branches  of  Spircece  opulifolia, 
Bethlehem,  Pa.,  and  Salem,  N.  C. 

Calosphaeria  assecla  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  assecla  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,622. 

Valsa  pulchelloidea  C.  & E.,  G-rev.,  VI,  p.  92. 

The  diagnosis  of  Calosphceria  pulchelloidea  fits  the  Schweinitzian 
specimen  of  Sphceria  assecla  Schw.  perfectly.  Valsa  microtheca , C. 

& E.,  1.  c.,  is  hardly  more  than  a scattered,  dwarf  form. 


8 


2-1 


Cryptosphaeria  paetula  (Fr.). 

Sphceria pcetulaYx.,  S.  M.,  II,  p.  483. 

Sphceria  seer  eta  C.  & E.,  Grey.,  V,  p.  94. 

Crytosphceria  seer  eta  (C.  & E.)  Sacc.,  Syll.,  No.  688,  and  Ell.  & Evrht.,  N.  A. 
Pyr.,  p.  514. 

The  Schweinitzian  spec,  shows  no  asci,  but  the  perithecia,  habit, 
and  sporidia  are  the  same  as  in  Sphceria  secreta,  C.  & E. , leaving  no 
doubt  that  the  latter  is  the  same  as  Sphceria  pcetula  (Fr. ) if,  as 
seems  probable^  the  spec,  in  Herb.  Schw.  is  reliable. 

Pseudovalsa  occulta  (Schw.) 

Sphceria  occulta  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Stroma  cortical,  orbicular,  not  circumscribed,  2—3  mm.  diam., 
convex.  Perithecia  1-5  in  a stroma,  f-1  mm.  diam.,  globose,  their 
bases  slightly  sunk  in  the  surface  of  the  wood,  ascigerous  nucleus 
light  colored.  Ostiola  obscure,  erumpent  in  a small  black  disk, 
which  is  orbicular  or  narrowly  and  transversely  elliptical,  slightly 
raising  and  perforating  the  epidermis  and  closely  embraced  by  it. 
Asci  broad  clavate-cylindrical,  180-210  x 20-30//  (including  the 
very  short  stipe,  8-spored,  with  filiform,  sparingly  branched  or  mostly 
simple  paraphyses.  Sporidia  biseriate,  broad-fusoid-oblong,  obtuse, 
3-septate,  45-62  x 13-16//,  hyaline,  becoming  brownish. 

Differs  from  P.  malbrancheana  Sacc.  in  its  8-spored  asci  and  only 
3-septate  sporidia  not  hyaline  at  the  ends. 

Diatrypella  obscurata  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  obscurata  Schw.  (in  Herb.). 

Perithecia  large  (f  mm.),  either  lying  singly,  or  2-6  together  in 
a subcuticular  stroma  2-6  mm.  diam.,  black  and  rough  outside, 
white  within,  blackening  the  surface  of  the  wood  which  is  also  deeply 
penetrated  by  a dark,  circumscribing  line  enclosing  several  stromata. 
Asci  clavate,  75-80  x 12-15//,  p.  sp.  about  50//,  long,  polysporous. 
Sporidia  irregularly  crowded,  yellow  in  the  mass,  hyaline  when  seen 
singly,  allantoid,  moderately  curved,  with  a nucleus  near  each  end, 
5-6  x 14//. 

On  limbs  of  some  shrub  or  tree,  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  Schw. 

Hypoxylon  annulatum  (Schw.)  Mont. 

Sphceria  annulata  Schw.  in  litteris  ad  Fries.  See  Fr.  Elench.,  II,  p.  64. 

Sphceria  annulata  B.  depressa  Fr.,  1.  c. 

Sphceria  truncata  Schw.  in  litt.  Fr.  Elech.,  1.  c.,  but  (sec.  Fries)  not  Sphceria 
truncata  Schw.  in  Syn.  Car. 

Hypoxylon  annulatum  Mont.,  Syll.  Crypt.,  p.  213. 

The  spec,  of  Sphceria  truncata  Schw.  from  Herb.  Schw.  agrees 
perfectly  with  specc.  of  Hypoxylon  annulatum  distributed  in  Ell.  & 
Evrht’ s N.  Am.  Fungi,  2d  Series,  2,353. 


I 


9 


Phoma  pyrina  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  pyrina  Schw.  in  Herb.  Schw. 

Perithecia  thickly  scattered,  subepidermal,  small  (1  mm.),  finally 
rupturing  the  epidermis  but  not  prominent.  Sporules  hyaline,  com- 
pressed ; when  viewed  in  front,  ovate,  5-6  x 3 ;j.  ; seen  edgewise,  allan- 
toid, 5-6  x 1-1 37-4. 

On  dead  apple  tree  limbs,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schw.). 

* Phoma  Samararum  Desm. 

Sphceria  Samarce  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,703. 

On  Samarse  of  Fraxinus,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schw.). 

Starback  (1.  c.)  also  finds  a Sphceropsis  on  the  spec,  of  Sphceria 

Samarce- , in  Herb.  Fries. 

Phoma  tageticola  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  tageticola  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,729. 

Phoma  herbarum,  var.  tageticola  Starback',  1.  c.,  p.  52. 

Perithecia  aggregated  or  solitary,  papillate,  white  inside,  globose- 
depressed.  Sporules  cylindrical,  hyaline,  2-3- nucleate,  obtuse,  8-12 
x 2-3/./.. 

Vermicularia  Cacti  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  Cacti  Schw.,  Syn.  Car.,  227. 

Vermicularia  Cacti  (Schw.).  Starback,  1.  c.,  p.  63,  with  a full  description. 
The  specc.  in  Herb.  Schw.  are  evidently  a Vermicularia , but  too 
poorly  developed  to  allow  of  an  accurate  diagnosis. 

Sphaeropsis  Taxi  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  Taxi  Schw.  in  Herb. 

Sphceropsis  Ta^r/Berk.,  Outlines,  p.  316. 

Phoma  Taxi  Sacc.,  Syll.,  Ill,  p.  128. 

Perithecia  subcuticular,  small  (200  mm.),  finally  perforated,  the 
papilliform  ostiolum  erumpent.  Sporules  oblong- elliptical,  brown, 
continuous,  17-20  x 8-1 0,u. 

On  dead  leaves  of  Taxus,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  Taxi,  Sow.,  sec.  De  Not.  is  a Diplodia. 

Sphaeropsis  Schweinitzii  E.  & E. 

Sphceria  caulium  Schw.  (in  Herb.). 

On  dead  herbaceous  stems,  Bethlehem,  Pa. , Schw. 

Perithecia  erumpent-superficial,  hemispherical,  rough,  mm. 
diam. , with  a papilliform  ostiolum.  Sporules  oblong- elliptical, 
brown,  with  a single  large  nucleus,  15-20  x 8-1 0/z. 


10 


Z rt 


Sphaeropsis  Sumachi  (Schw.)  C.  & E. 

hceria  Sumachi  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,425. 

f hceria  subsolitaria  Schw.  in  Herb.  Schw. 

„ hceropsis  Sumachi  C.  & E.,  Grev.,  V,  p.  31,  pi.  75,  fig.  11. 

These  are  all  pycnidia  of  Sphceria  ambigua  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am., 

1,492  = Botryosphceria  fuliginosa  (M.  &N. ).  SeeN.  A.  Pyr. , p.  546. 

Sphaeropsis  Ruborum  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  Ruborum  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,677. 

Sphceropsis  rubicola  C.  & E.,  Grev.,  VI,  p.  2,  pi.  95,  fig.  2. 

The  spec,  in  Herb.  Schw.  affords  no  spores;  but  Starback  (1.  c.J 
finds  specc.  of  Sphceria  Ruborum  Schw.  in  Herb.  Fr.,  which  are 
identical  with  specc.  of  Sphceropsis  rubicola  C.  & E. 

Sphseropsis  pericarpii  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  pericarpii  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,590. 

Sphceropsis  pericarpii  Pk.  25th  Rep.,  p.  85. 

Sphceropsis  Caryce  C.  & E.,  Grev.,  V,  p.  52? 

Sphceria  involucri  Schw.  in  Herb.  Schw.? 

On  pericarp  of  hickory  nuts,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schw.),  N.  York 
State  (Peck),  New  Jersey  (Ellis). 

In  the  Schweinitzian  spec,  of  S.  involucri,  some  of  the  sporules 
are  uniseptate,  but  the  greater  number  are  without  septa.  The 
sporules  in  all  the  above  quoted  specc.  are  about  20-25  x 10-12/7.. 

Discosia  placentula  (Schw.). 

Sphceria  piacentula  Schw.  in  Herb. 

Discoid,  orbicular,  about  4 mm.  diam. , black,  somewhat  wrinkled, 
umbilicate- depressed  in  the  center,  the  papilliform  ostiolum  seated 
in  the  center  of  the  depression.  Sporules  oblong-cylindrical,  slightly 
curved,  hyaline,  faintly  4-nucleate,  10-13  x 14-2/7.,  with  an  oblique, 
hyaline,  slender  bristle  at  each  end  about  as  long  as  the  spore  itself. 
On  some  decaying  leaf  (Tilia)?,  Bethlehem,  Pa.  (Schweinitz.). 
Sphceria  fibriseda  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,542. 

Perithecia  globose  or  oftener  suboblong,  55-7 5/7.  diam.,  very 
abundant  but  entirely  sterile — no  asci  or  sporidia.  Apparently  an 
abortive  Nectria. 

Sphceria  viridiatra  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,537. 

The  perithecia  are  immature,  but  to  all  outward  appearance,  this 
is,  as  stated  in  N.  A.  P.,  p.  748,  Calonedma  chlorinella  Cke. 

Sphceria  palina  Fr.  (in  Herb.  Schw.). 

Cytispora  exasperans  E.  & E.  in  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  Nov.  1884,  p. 
360,  is  the  same  as  this. 

Sec  Starback,  1.  e.,  p.  59,  Sphceria  palina  Fr.,  belongs  to  the 
Friesian  genus  Glutinium , 


11 


“Perithecia  loosely  gregarious,  cespitose  or  subconfluent,  subglobose 
at  first,  then  erumpent-superficial,  depressed- cylindrical,  or  almost 
thick-discoid,  with  a large,  irregular  opening;  almost  rimose-dehis- 
cent,  black,  about  150, a high  and  250//  broad.  Sporules  cylindrical, 
straight,  hyaline,  7-10  x 2-2 £//,  borne  terminally  or  laterally  on 
filiform  basidia  of  various  length.” 

From  the  above  diagnosis  it  is  plain  that  the  Sphceria  palina  in 
Herb.  Schw.  is  quite  distinct  from  Sphceria  palina  Fr. 

Sphceria  Gossypii  Schw.,  Syn.  Car. , 207. 

This  is  an  obscure  thing.  The  inner  membrane  of  the  cotton 
boll  is  wrinkled  or  roughened  in  drying  so  as  to  give  the  appearance 
of  minute  perithecia,  but  there  is  no  fruit  or  even  any  real  perithecia. 

Sphceria fraxicola  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,787. 

The  spec,  has  the  aspect  of  Sphcerella  maculiformis,  but  is  entirely 
sterile. 

Sphceria  vilis  Fr.,  in  Herb.  Schw.,  is  Ohleria  modesta,  Fekl.,  and 
quite  different  from  Sphceria  vilis,  Fr. , in  Fr.  S.  M. , II,  p.  466.  See 
Ell.  & Evrht.,  N.  A.  Pyr.,  p.  217. 

Sphceria  strict  a Pers.,  Syn.,  p.  59. 

There  are  two  specc.  ; one  with  scattered,  buried  perithecia  ( Cera- 
tostoma  cirrhosa  (Pers.),  the  other  with  clustered,  superficial  peri- 
thecia. The  latter  may  be  Ceratostomella  stricta,  but  the  perithecia 
are  empty  and  broken,  only  the  lower  part  remaining. 

Sphceria  mamillana  Fr.  in  Herb.  Schw. 

The  spec,  so  labeled  is  the  same  as  Myxosporium  nitidum  B.  & C. 

Sphceria  Tilice  Schw. , in  Herb.  Schw.  and  Sphceria  distinda  Schw. , 
Syn.  North  Am.,  1,655,  are  (sec.  specc.  in  Herb.  Schw.)  only  the 
Sterile  pycnidia  of  Melanconis  Tilice  Tul. , or  of  M.  tiliacea  (Ell.). 

Sphceria  Polygonati  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,793,  is  a young  and 
undeterminable  Vermicularia. 

Sphceria  Andromedce  Schw.,  Syn.  N.  Am.,  1,796. 

Perithecia  subcuticular,  minute,  thickly  scattered  over  the  lower 
side  of  the  leaf,  not  in  spots. 

Old  and  without  fruit  of  any  sort. 


/ 


The  following  species  as  represented  in  Herb.  Schw.  are  undeter- 


minable ; 

either  old,  immature, 

or  sterile,  vh 

Sphceria  aggregata  Schw. 

Sphceria  lilacina  l 

3chw. 

ft 

albocrustata 

t f 

tt 

moricola 

tt 

tt 

andromedicola 

1 1 

ft 

navicularis 

1 1 

ff 

apertiuscula 

ft 

tt 

nigrella 

tt 

ff 

Asclepiadis 

ft 

tt 

nigrocincta 

tt 

u 

boleticola 

tt 

tt 

obsita 

ft 

ff 

castanicola 

a 

ft 

Panici 

tt 

t t 

cinerascens 

ft 

tt 

pruina 

ft 

t ( 

circumscissa 

i t 

tt 

punctans 

ft 

it 

Corni 

tt 

tt 

rudis 

tt 

If 

Cucurbitacearum 

tt 

tt 

scapincola 

ft 

ff 

Daphnidis 

ft 

ft 

seriata 

tt 

if 

her  bicola 

ft 

ft 

subbullans 

ft 

ff 

incanescens 

1 1 

tt 

subseriata 

ft 

t f 

Juglandis 

t f 

